An English-Korean Cartoon History of the Korean War
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An English-Korean Cartoon History of the Korean War
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(41)
(1)
It was quiet on the eve of the ¡®storm¡¯. On the night of Saturday, June 24, 1950, a dance party was in full swing on the premises of the Republic of Korea(ROK) army headquarters in Seoul.
The top brass of the army, including chief of staff Major General Chae Byung-duk, attended the event celebrating the grand opening of the officers¡¯ club. Also present at the party were American ambassador John J. Muccio and ranking officers of the Korean Military Advisory Group(KMAG).
At the same time, along the 38th parallel of north latitude that divided the Korean peninsula into South and North Korea, about 90,000 North Korean troops with 130 Soviet-made tanks were counting down to 4 a.m., June 25, the H-hour, D-day of Operation Storm, North Korean code name for the Sunday morning surprise attack.
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(2)
Today South Korean military radars and United States spy satellites can tell how many air force planes are in the air and how many army trucks are on the road in North Korea on any given day. The National Security Agency located near Washington, D.C., can even eavesdrop
on North Korean military commanders¡¯ telephone conversations. But 1950 was the stone age of military intelligence. The South Korean military and its American advisers did not know much about the quantity and quality of the North Korean armed forces.
Shortly before the war, Brigadier General William Roberts, chief of KMAG, told the New York Herald Tribune: ¡°If attacked from North Korea, the ROK army would have not trouble in repelling the invaders. At this point, we rather invite it. It will give us target practice.¡± Major General Chae Byung-duk, ROK army chief of staff, said to President Rhee Syngman when he toured the 38th parallel prior to the North Korean invasion: ¡°Mr. President, we are the seventh strongest army in the world. If you order us to march north in the morning, we will lunch in Sariwon, sup in Pyongyang, and breakfast in Sinuijoo the next morning, sir!¡±
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(3)
It was raining, on and off, on Sunday, June 25, 1950. At 4 a.m. sharp, the North Korean artillery guns started firing and the ¡°people¡¯s army¡± spearheaded by tanks began to march across the 38th parallel. The invaders caught South Korea and the world completely by surprise. About one third of the 50,000 South Korean troops deployed near the border were on leave for the weekend or were working in their hometown rice paddies. Colonel Baik Sun-yup, commander of the 1st ROK Army Division stationed in Moonsan just south of the border, was in Seoul on a special training program. Brig. Gen. Roberts, the KMAG chief, was on his way to the States to receive a new assignment, and the acting head of the advisory group, Col. Sterling Wright, was vacationing in Tokyo.
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(4)
The main assault force came down the Uijungboo corridor leading to Seoul. Kim Il-sung, the then 38-year-old North Korean premier and commander-in-chief of the Korean People¡¯s Army(KPA), put some 40,000 troops and 50 tanks in
that direction. The rest of the invading force was spread over three other directions: toward Ongjin peninsula, Choonchun, and Kangnung. The invaders took
Gaesung, the old city just a few kilometers south of the 38th parallel, without incident, and headed for Moonsan.
Col. Baik¡¯s 1st Division troops bravely fought the aggressors in Moonsan, but their small-caliber bazookas were no match for the Russian-built T-34 tanks. The bazooka shells bounced off the huge tanks like ping-pong balls. South Korean ¡°suicide squads¡± made up of volunteers tackled the enemy tanks with hand grenades. Some of them threw themselves under the tanks while others opened the tank hatches and dropped in grenades. A few tanks became disabled, but the North Korean advance continued toward Uijungboo, 35 kilometers north of Seoul.
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