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2001-09-27 00:00:00 | Á¶È¸: 1997
General MacArthur and his entourage jeeped back to Soowon. President Rhee, who had flown there from Daejun, the temporary capital, was waiting for the general in front of the College of Agriculture building being used by the military. The two men, both in
their seventies, embraced. Suddenly Rhee said smiling, ¡°General, you are stepping on rice sprouts.¡± ¡°I didn¡¯t know, Mr. President. I¡¯m sorry,¡± MacArthur apologized, stepping aside. They had been old friends since the days in the United States. MacArthur had attended President Rhee¡¯s inauguration ceremony two years before.
During an hour-long private meeting with the Korean president, the general promised American aid. Flying back to Tokyo that night, MacArthur told Miss Higgins, the good-looking New York Herald Tribune reporter, that he would send President Truman his recommendation for immediate dispatch of U.S. ground troops to Korea. ¡°But¡± he said, ¡°I have no idea whether the President will accept my recommendation.¡±
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(14)
President Truman did accept MacArthur¡¯s recommendation and on June 30, Washington time, he ordered the general to send part of the U.S. divisions stationed in Japan to Korean immediately. On the same day, President Rhee named Major General Jung Il-gwon ROK army chief of staff, replacing Major General Chae Byung-duk. A graduate of the Imperial Japanese Military Academy, Chae blamed the North Korean invaders for his premature downfall, and was eager to become a field commander. He used to say to his friends that he wanted to die in battle like a real soldier. So, he volunteered to lead a battalion resisting the Communists near Hahdong. He was hit by enemy fire and died instantly in late July, becoming the highest-ranking ROK army officer to be killed in action.
General Jung, the 34-year-old new army chief of staff, had returned from the United States the preceding day on board a special plane provided by General MacArthur at the request of President Rhee. Jung had attended the U.S. Army Infantry School in Georgia only two months when he was called back home due to the war.
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(15)
Fortunately for the defenders, the North Korean invaders stayed put in Seoul for three days. This mysterious delay gave the United States precious time to send ground troops to Korea before it was too late. It also gave the South Korean army a breather to regroup after initial defeats. Why did the Communists delay their southward march?
Some historians speculate that the invaders simply needed a rest after a hectic three-day drive, and they also needed time to prepare for crossing the Hahngahng River by boats and rafts. Others guess that the North Koreans waited for South Korean workers and peasants to rise up against the Rhee Syngman government as they mistakenly had expected. One of the reasons Kim Il-sung was so sure of his swift victory was his illusion that the South Korean population would welcome a unified Korea under his leadership.
Whatever the reasons, if the North Koreans had not delayed their advance for three full days, many scholars believe, history might have been written differently.
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(16)
On July 1, the North Koreans began to move again. They crossed the Hahngang River, took Soowon and pushed toward Osan. That same day, the first group of American ground troops arrived in Busan from Japan. It was a 406-man advance group called ¡°Task Force Smith¡±. It was commanded by Lt. Col. Charles B. Smith, a 34-year-old West Point graduate. Smith had fought the Japanese in the Pacific, but two thirds of his officers had no combat experience and most of his enlisted men were poorly trained youth around the age of 20. They thought the North Koreans would run away once they saw the ¡°invincible¡± Americans.
Task Force Smith took up hilltop positions at Jookmiryoung near Osan on July 5. A few minutes past 8 a.m. the GIs saw North Korean tanks roll down the Seoul-Busan highway. They fired bazookas, but the 2.36-inch shells bounced off the heavy tanks. Due to the rainy weather, American air support was impossible. The result of the first ever clash between the Americans and the Communists was a tragic defeat for the Americans with heavy casualties. Miss Higgins, the pretty and brave reporter of the New York Herald Tribune witnessed this battle. She heard a medic say in front of a 19-year-old private¡¯s dead body, ¡°What a place to die!¡±
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