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2001-09-27 00:00:00 | Á¶È¸: 1805
By the end of September, UN forces had fulfilled what the June 27 UN Security Council resolution had called for¡ªrepelling the Communist aggressors across the 38th parallel. General MacArthur ordered all UN troops to stop marching at the pre-war border. President Rhee pleaded with MacArthur to allow the South Korean army to chase the retreating enemy across the 38th parallel. The general told Rhee that he would urge Kim Il-sung to surrender, and if Kim ignored it, he would use it as an excuse to let UN forces cross the parallel.
On October 1, Kim disregarded MacArthur¡¯s ultimatum to surrender, and the general allowed ROK troops to cross the 38th parallel first. The same day, Chou En-lai, Communist China¡¯s premier and foreign minister, warned that ¡°the Chinese people would not tolerate our neighbors invaded by the imperialists.¡± The next day, through the Indian ambassador in Beijing, Chou warned again that ¡°If the Americans crossed the 38th parallel, the Chinese would cross the Yalu River.¡±
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(26)
Diplomats at the United Nations debated whether or not it was proper for the UN forces to overkill. When a policeman has caught a pickpocket, he not only returns the wallet to the owner but also sees to it that the thief be punished in accordance with the law. So, the policeman(UN) on October 7 decided to punish the thief(North Korea) by destroying the Communist regime and unifying Korea under a democratic government. Officially the Korean War was not a war. It was a ¡®police action¡¯ taken by the United Nations, and the United States bore the brunt of the ¡®policing.¡¯ On October 9, the GIs marched across the 38th parallel. MacArthur was confident of a complete victory in Korea when he met President Truman on Wake Island in the Pacific on October 15. In that meeting, MacArthur assured Truman that there was little chance of Chinese intervention. Should the Chinese cross the Yalu, the general said, the U.S. air force would ¡°slaughter¡±them.
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(27)
The GIs, the ROKs, and other UN soldiers continued their speedy advance north. While marching through a remote North Korean village, a ROK army company saw the villagers waving the Democaratic People¡¯s Republic of Korea(DPRK) flags. Having never seen the People¡¯s Army soldiers, the villagers apparently took the South Koreans for North Koreans. The lst ROK Army Division, commanded by Col. Baik Sun-yup, liberated Pyongyang on October 19. The U.S. 1st Cavalry reached the North Korean capital one hour later and to their chagrin saw a sign reading ¡®Welcome 1st Cavalry Division from 1st ROK Division.¡¯(Col. Baik had been a native of Pyongyang before moving to South Korea in 1945. He later became ROK army chief of staff.) Kim Il-sung fled to Gahnggae, a mountainous town near the Sino-Korean border. He sent Bahk Hun-young, his South Korean-born vice premier and foreign minister, to Beijing to beseech China to enter the war. Mao Ze-dong obliged and dispatched Chou En-lai to Moscow to enlist Stalin¡¯s support. Stalin was reluctant. He feared for an enlarged Korean War escalating into a World War III. He even breached the idea of setting up Kim Il-sung¡¯s government-in-exile in Manchuria.
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(28)
On October 21, MacArthur again urged Kim to surrender to no avail. By October 25, when General Almond¡¯s X Corps, that had sailed all the way around the coast from Inchon, landed at Wonsan, an advance group of Chinese invaders had already crossed the Yalu secretly and were hiding just south of the Manchurian border. (Peng Teh-huai, who commanded Chinese troops in Korea, writes in his memoirs that he crossed the Yalu as early as October 8, 1950.)
Not knowing of the Chinese presence in Korea, the 6th ROK Army Division reached Chosan on the Yalu on October 26. Proud of their being the first to reach the Sino-Korean border, the South Korean soldiers filled their canteens with water from the river. One of the canteens was sent to their president as a souvenir. On October 30, President Rhee attended a welcoming ceremony in Pyongyang, fearlessly mingling with the residents of the North Korean capital. Upon returning to Seoul, he handed a louse to his wife. He said, ¡°I brought a guest from Pyongyang. He probably moved to my overcoat from the clothes of a Pyongyang resident I hugged.¡±
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